Performance

Amdahl's Law

Speedup = 1 / (s + p/N), where s is the serial fraction.


In plain terms

A 5% serial fraction caps speedup at 20× no matter how many cores you add. Why "make it parallel" doesn't scale forever.

Origin

Gene Amdahl proposed it at the 1967 AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference while pushing back on overhyped parallel-computing claims.

Where it shows up in production
  • Database scale-out A 1% serial fraction caps speedup at 100×, regardless of how many shards you add.
  • Web request latency The slow database call gates everything around it; parallelising other work has rapidly diminishing returns.
On Semicolony
Sources & further reading
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