BGP
How autonomous systems on the internet exchange routes.
Origin
BGP-4 — the current version — is RFC 4271 (2006). The 2008 Pakistan/YouTube incident, the 2019 Cloudflare/Verizon leak, and the 2021 Facebook outage are all classroom examples of how a single misconfigured BGP announcement can break large parts of the internet.
Where it shows up in production
- Every internet backbone AT&T, NTT, Lumen, GTT — they peer with each other over BGP. There is no other choice at this layer.
- Facebook 2021 outage A BGP withdrawal during routine maintenance disconnected fb.com globally for six hours.
On Semicolony
Sources & further reading
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